The forging process generally consists of the following steps, namely, selecting high-quality steel billets for blanking, heating, forming, and cooling after forging. The forging process methods include free forging, die forging, and membrane forging. During production, different forging methods are selected according to the quality of the forgings and the number of production batches.
Free forging has low productivity and a large machining allowance, but the tools are simple and versatile, so it is widely used to forge single pieces and small batches of forgings with simpler shapes. Free forging equipment includes air hammers, steam-air hammers, and hydraulic presses, which are suitable for the production of small, medium, and large forgings, respectively. Die forging has high productivity, simple operation, and is easy to mechanize and automate. Die forgings have high dimensional accuracy, a small machining allowance, and a more reasonable fiber structure distribution of forgings, which can further improve the service life of parts.
The basic process of free forging: During free forging, the shape of the forging is gradually forged from the billet through some basic deformation processes. The basic processes of free forging include upsetting, drawing, punching, bending, and cutting.
1. Upsetting Upsetting is the process of forging the original blank along the axial direction to reduce its height and increase its cross section. This process is often used to forge gear blanks and other disc-shaped forgings. Upsetting is divided into full upsetting and partial upsetting.
2. Lengthening Lengthening is a forging process that increases the length of the blank and reduces the cross section. It is usually used to produce shaft blanks, such as lathe spindles, connecting rods, etc.
3. Punching is a forging process that uses a punch to punch through holes or non-through holes in the blank.
4. Bending is a forging process that bends the blank into a certain angle or shape.
5. Twisting is a forging process that rotates one part of the blank relative to another part at a certain angle.
6. A forging process that cuts and splits the blank or cuts off the head.
Post time: Dec-20-2024